10/31/2018 0 Comments Alkitab Go Bible Pciture![]() Alkitab / Berita Baik / Edisi Kedua. Perjanjian Baru and Lama / Malay Bible with Thumb index / Today's Malay Version Translation / Indonesia. See all 9 images. Alkitab / Berita Baik / Edisi Kedua. Perjanjian Baru and Lama / Malay Bible with Thumb index / Today's Malay Version Translation / Indonesia. See all 9 images. ![]() Saint Paul Writing His Epistles, 16th-century painting. Professor John K. Riches, at the University of Glasgow, says that 'the biblical texts themselves are the result of a creative dialogue between ancient traditions and different communities through the ages', and 'the biblical texts were produced over a period in which the living conditions of the writers – political, cultural, economic, and ecological – varied enormously'. Lim, a professor of Hebrew Bible and Second Temple Judaism at the, says that the is 'a collection of authoritative texts of apparently divine origin that went through a human process of writing and editing.' He states that it is not a magical book, nor was it literally written by and passed to mankind. Parallel to the solidification of the Hebrew canon (c. 3rd century BCE), only the Torah first and then the Tanakh began to be translated into Greek and expanded, now referred to as the or the Greek Old Testament. In Christian Bibles, the New Testament Gospels were derived from oral traditions in the second half of the first century CE. Riches says that: Scholars have attempted to reconstruct something of the history of the oral traditions behind the Gospels, but the results have not been too encouraging. The period of transmission is short: less than 40 years passed between the death of Jesus and the writing of Mark's Gospel. This means that there was little time for oral traditions to assume fixed form. The Bible was later translated into Latin and other languages. John Riches states that: The translation of the Bible into Latin marks the beginning of a parting of the ways between Western Latin-speaking Christianity and Eastern Christianity, which spoke Greek, Syriac, Coptic, Ethiopic, and other languages. The Bibles of the Eastern Churches vary considerably: the Ethiopic Orthodox canon includes 81 books and contains many apocalyptic texts, such as were found at Qumran and subsequently excluded from the Jewish canon. As a general rule, one can say that the Orthodox Churches generally follow the Septuagint in including more books in their Old Testaments than are in the Jewish canon. Hebrew Bible. The (2nd century BCE) contains a portion of a pre-Masoretic Text, specifically the and the prayer. The is the authoritative text of the,. It defines the books of the Jewish canon, and also the precise letter-text of these biblical books, with their and. The oldest extant manuscripts of the Masoretic Text date from approximately the 9th century CE, and the (once the oldest complete copy of the Masoretic Text, but now missing its section) dates from the 10th century. The name (: תנ'ך) reflects the threefold division of the Hebrew Scriptures, ('Teaching'), ('Prophets') and ('Writings'). Samaritan Inscription containing portion of the Bible in nine lines of Hebrew text, currently housed in the British Museum The Hebrew names of the books are derived from the in the respective texts. The Torah consists of the following five books: •, Beresheeth (בראשית) •, Shemot (שמות) •, Vayikra (ויקרא) •, Bamidbar (במדבר) •, Devarim (דברים) The first eleven chapters of Genesis provide accounts of the (or ordering) of the world and the history of God's early relationship with humanity. The remaining thirty-nine chapters of Genesis provide an account of God's with the, and (also called ) and Jacob's children, the ', especially. It tells of how God commanded Abraham to leave his family and home in the city of, eventually to settle in the land of, and how the Children of Israel later moved to Egypt. The remaining four books of the Torah tell the story of, who lived hundreds of years after the patriarchs. He leads the Children of Israel from slavery in to the renewal of their covenant with God at and their wanderings in the desert until a new generation was ready to enter the land of Canaan. The Torah ends with the death of Moses. The Torah contains the commandments of God, revealed at Mount Sinai (although there is some debate among traditional scholars as to whether these were all written down at one time, or over a period of time during the 40 years of the wanderings in the desert, while several modern Jewish movements reject the idea of a literal revelation, and critical scholars believe that many of these laws developed later in Jewish history).
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